Indoors or Outdoors
Waxing your bike (use bike-specific products, or Lemon Pledge, car wax, or Pam), including exposed cables, spokes, and nipples, and greasing the cables under the bottom bracket and inside the cable housings, will do a great job of protecting it. So will removing every bolt on the bike, greasing it and its nut, and retightening it to its specified torque.
Check It
Visually inspect tires frequently. Use a chain gauge to check chain wear every month or so. Replace as needed.
Clean It
Just as you clean the road grime off your body and bundle up inside after a ride in the cold and wet, your bike’s winter bike maintenance health will be improved when kept clean and stored in a dry place.
Dress It
Mudguards save your back and feet as well as those riding behind you, but they also prevent water and contaminants from blasting into your seat tube, pedals, bottom bracket, and headset. Full-coverage mudguards are great for rain, while clip-ons won’t ice up in sub-zero riding.
Lube It
After every ride, wipe your chain down and lubricate it with heavier oil than you would use in summer.
Perfect Tires
Increase tire width and reduce air pressure. If conditions include snow, a cyclo-cross file tread with side knobs rolls fast yet holds corners in snow and mud. In ice, studded tires are the ticket. Carry an additional spare inner tube, and expect more chances for flats on messy roads.
Light It
Lights are a must; keep them dry overnight and charge them regularly.
Indoors: Wipe It
In addition to waxing and greasing your bike to protect it from sweat for indoor riding, wipe it down after every workout with a towel, especially underneath.
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